Source: Wikimedia Commons The question 'Are serial killers born or made?' Inevitably comes up in almost any discussion of the most notorious and most barbaric serial killers in human history (that is, serial killers who not only satisfy the FBI’s definition of a serial killer but who instinctively make us think of them as sadistic monsters—the killers who, in Emily Dickinson’s words, trespass the forbidden boundary between fiction/fantasy and reality.).* Not unsurprisingly, no one really knows the answer to this question. The most likely answer, though, is that the majority of the most prolific and dangerous serial killers were genetically disposed to behave anti-socially and furthermore grew up in an environment that cultivated a disregard for the lives of others. *[According to the FBI, in order for a killer to be a serial killer he or she must commit at least 3 murders over a time period of at least 3 years at 3 different locations with an emotional cooling off period in between.] Although we do not know whether or to what extent you can be “born” a serial killer of the monstrous kind, we do know that many barbarous serial killers have (not infrequently combined with ). Antisocial is the clinical term for what colloquially is known as,. The disorder is characterized by: • A disregard for morals, social norms, and the rights and feelings of others. • Exploitation of others in harmful ways for their own gain or pleasure (sadistic tendencies).

• Manipulation or deceit of others using superficial, feigning innocence or disability, or pretending to be working for an admirable cause. • A lack of for others and a lack of or remorse about harming others. • Explicit or hidden hostility, irritability, agitation, or violence. • A lack of of dangerous situations and behaviors that often leads to unnecessary. • A failure to learn from the consequences of their good or bad actions.

• A history of unstable relationships (including, friendships and relationship with ). • A failure to fulfill work and financial obligations.

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• Recurrent fall outs with authority figures, including law enforcement, and sometimes sanctions, arrest and conviction. The heritability of antisocial disorder is estimated to be 0.38 (or 38 percent). Heritability is the proportion of differences in traits in a population that are due to genetic differences as opposed to differences in. A heritability of 0.38 tells us that, on average, about 38 percent of the individual differences that we observe in degree of “sociability” (or “anti-sociability') are in some way attributable to individual genetic differences. It does not mean that 38 percent of any person's sociability (or anti-sociability) is due to their and that the other 62 percent is due to their environment. So, even if we discover that a notorious serial killer has antisocial personality disorder, this does not shed much light on whether he or she was born or made. What further complicates giving a reasonably plausible answer to the question of heritability is that are not monstrous serial killers or even criminals.

Feb 21, 2011 - Gilles de Rais (a French nobleman) is considered to be the precursor to the modern serial killer. Before he began his killing spree, he rode as a. Feb 8, 2018 - Watch for new as they are published! For More Information on Serial Killer crimes that have been solved or are awaiting a trial/verdict see:.

Many people with this personality disorder simply fail as functional human beings—without thereby committing any crimes. Many others thrive in positions in companies, non-profit organizations, universities and even governments that give them control over other people’s lives. So, even if you have antisocial personality disorder, the chance that you become a serial killer is extremely low, which is to say that the heritability of antisocial personality disorder gives us nearly no insight into whether—or to what extent—serial killers are born or made. Genetic Factors Unrelated to Antisocial Personality Disorder What further complicates finding out whether some of the most barbaric serial killers in history were born or made is that antisocial personality disorder (sometimes with a hint of ) is just one potentially inherited characteristic that commonly appears among serial killers. It seems that other, potentially unrelated, genetic factors might also be contributing to a person’s chances of becoming a serial killer. Studies have shown that a greater percentage of male serial killers have in their bodies compared to what the male population as a whole (Scott, 2000).

Although there may be a connection between high levels of and antisocial personality disorder, it is likely that the two conditions can come apart. It is also likely that genetic differences can partially explain differences in testosterone levels. So, if high testosterone can trigger tendencies to become violent, then we have another factor that is partially genetic and that may be a factor in triggering the kind of violence seen in serial killers. Abnormal levels of the brain chemical —which is responsible for pleasure and —or the receptors (binding sites) for dopamine, may also be a contributing factor. People who naturally have low levels of dopamine or a low number of dopamine receptors need greater excitement to feel stimulated or motivated.